Saudi Arabia Trade Balance- DOWNLOAD HERE تنزيل Executive Summary During the period from 2000 to 2023, Saudi Arabia’s current account recorded a deficit in only three years: in 2015 and 2016 due to the sharp decline in oil prices…

Link to download the report (PDF): The Gulf Without Illusionsتنزيل Executive Summary The Gulf is no longer a space governed by traditional understandings or by the illusion of permanent harmony. Over the past decade, relations among…

The central question in Tehran today no longer revolves around how to circumvent U.S. sanctions or engineer new mechanisms to evade financial restrictions. It has become deeper and more perilous: can the state’s heavy structure and…

The Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden are undergoing rapid shifts in the balance of power. New regional roles are emerging that extend beyond declared economic partnerships toward a restructuring of the security landscape of the world’s most…

Following the trilateral meeting in Tehran in December 2025, the central question is no longer whether Saudi–Iranian rapprochement still exists. The more consequential issue is how this relationship can be insulated from regional…

The Manama summit of 3 December 2025 felt less like a routine entry in the GCC’s long series of annual meetings and more like a forced return to unresolved questions that had been deferred for too long. Gulf leaders met in Bahrain amid a…

After two consecutive years of shocks across the Middle East, Iran now presents itself as a besieged state relying on tactical defense and calibrated patience. Tehran is reorganizing its domestic and regional cards after a series of…

Iran today is going through a critical phase—perhaps the most challenging since the signing of the nuclear agreement in 2015—after European countries decided to activate the “snapback” mechanism within a time frame not exceeding one month…